跟踪钢结构建筑发展审慎预测H型钢内需量

介绍了日本热轧Ｈ型钢主要用于低层建筑物，其产量很高；分析了我国建筑用钢材的发展及生产现状，认为我国即使是高层建筑物对Ｈ型钢的需用量也很有限。因此应审慎预测Ｈ型钢的需求量，在上Ｈ型钢项目时，应对其服务领域、配套规格、国内外市场供应能力、市场容量、竞争对手等进行深入调查分析，避免一哄而上。     

流域生态环境需水与缺水的快速评估(Ⅰ)：理论

为识别生态环境缺水严重的区域,合理评价生态环境用水的配置效果,本文提出了一种新的流域生态环境需水与生态环境缺水快速评估方法。将流域的生态环境需水满足程度定义为,流域"实际生态环境用水"与流域在未受或少受人类活动干扰时的"自然状态条件下的生态环境用水"的接近程度。以土地利用资料为基础,运用层次分析法构建流域生态环境需水特征指标来表征流域生态环境用水的相对大小;借鉴水体生物快速评估法的思想,通过流域单元划分、参照单元选择、参照组构建、参照组匹配、观测值与期望值的比较计算等步骤,可以对不同级别流域的生态环境缺水问题进行深入分析,从而快速识别生态环境缺水严重区域、预测其生态环境缺水动态变化,并对生态环境用水配置效果进行评价。     

改进湿周法的探讨与修正

采用改进的湿周法按斜率为1对不同宽深比、不同坡度以及不同流量规模下河段的生态需水量进行了计算对比，河道断面采用抛物线形标准断面，发现得出的各断面生态需水流量比例都非常接近，河段特征差异对计算结果影响很小，这与湿周法作为水力学方法的定位不符，斜率恒取为1不合理。本文建议斜率取为多年平均流量与相应湿周长比值的平方根。采用修正的斜率确定出的生态需水量能充分反映河流特征的差异，其变化趋势符合一般的生态需水规律。在生态需水量下，断面水力参数除湿周率外均能达到R2CROSS法提出的水力参数标准，计算结果较为合理。     

Acidity in upland and hill soils: Cation exchange capacity,pH and lime requirement

For 30 acid upland and hill soils, with initial pH from 3.5 to 5.8, and loss on ignition from 14% to 94%, cation exchange capacity varied with pH according to the relationship CEC = m pH+C, where m and C are characteristic of each soil. The slope m depended on loss on ignition (LOI), and is given by: m=Δ CEC/Δ=0.22 LOI+1.92. Because of these relationships, CEC measured at the natural pH of the soil (in 0.025 M MgSO₄ solution) is more relevant to field conditions than a conventional measurement at pH7. An improved method for estimating lime requirement (LR) of these soils was developed, based on the relationship found between LR and the difference in CEC (ΔCEC) between that at the natural pH of the soil and that at the target pH of 5.5: LR=1.12 ΔCEC+1.48. Lime requirement can therefore also be estimated from loss on ignition using the earlier relationships, and is given by: LR=(0.25 LOI+2.15) Δ+1.48, where Δ is the difference between the natural pH (in 0.025 M MgSO₄) and the target pH. Predictions based on this agreed well with results for a further 10 soils.     

North sea oil: Responses to employment opportunities

Britain's new offshore oil industry might have generated much additional employment especially in the building, manning and supply of rigs. But there was a failure at first to take proper advantage; little was done to train people in new skills. Consequently the oil companies brought in equipment and skilled personnel from abroad. Eventually efforts were made to improve matters and the paper examines the steps taken to bring more of the employment benefits to Britain, but finds only partial success.     

Risk-based rules for crane safety systems

The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has recommended a method called formal safety assessment (FSA) for future development of rules and regulations. The FSA method has been applied in a pilot research project for development of risk-based rules and functional requirements for systems and components for offshore crane systems. This paper reports some developments in the project. A method for estimating target reliability for the risk-control options (safety functions) by means of the cost/benefit decision criterion has been developed in the project and is presented in this paper. Finally, a structure for risk-based rules is proposed and presented.     

基于水文循环分析的雅砻江流域生态需水量计算

本文提出基于水文循环分析的生态需水量计算流程图和方法，即通过野外现场查勘和室内遥感分析，总结研究区生态需水特征，运用环境同位素技术分析水分来源和河道内外水力补给关系，确定明确的生态保护目标，选定合适的生态需水估算方法并进行计算。最后对雅砻江流域河道内外的生态需水量进行计算。结果表明，雅砻江河道径流主要受大气降水补给，地下水单向补给河道水；河道内外生态保护目标分别为保持当前植被面积不减少和保证优势鱼类生长繁殖期最低生境条件；天然降水即可满足草地林地的生态需水要求。雅砻江热巴坝址处最小生态流量范围为36.3～46.8m3/s。     

德州地区主要作物不同生育期需水、降水吻合性及种植结构优化探讨

分析了德州地区主要作物不同生育期需水量与降雨量的吻合性,提出了适合当地气候条件的主要作物及栽培模式,并根据德州地区目前作物种植结构及水资源现状,提出了作物种植结构调整建议。目前水资源亏缺条件下若将春棉花种植面积提高9.3%,冬小麦和夏玉米种植面积减少9.3%,该地区水资源供需可实现平衡。     

TL 9000标准改版的变化情况

对TL 9000标准要求部分3.0版与4.0版之间的变化情况进行了归纳,并对变化的部分进行了解释,既有助于企业正确使用新版标准,同时也有利于使用人员了解新标准的内容.     

城市轨道交通无缝线路施工技术探讨

文章探讨了城市轨道交通无缝线路铺设新工艺,经期能科学有效地提高无缝线路施工进度及焊接和铺设质量。